Passive Voice Part I
日本語は大まかな状況を説明しているだけで詳細な訳ではありません
ここでは過去、現在、未来、そしてそれぞれの進行形(合計6つ)の受動態を見て行きます。まず現在受動態の場面です。
1. 現在形受動態(Passive Present):
~is/are + 過去分詞~
Most children love candies.
Candies are loved by most children.
キャンディは多くの子供達に好かれてます。
Mother tells the child to be quiet.
The child is told to be quiet (by the mother).
子供は母親に静かにするように言われる(言われた)。
The doctor operates on several patients every day.
Several patients are operated by the doctor every day.
毎日数人の患者がその医者から手術を受けている。
Every employee respects the president of the company.
The president of the company is respected by every employee.
会社の社長は従業員の皆から尊敬されている。
The soccer game excites the audience.
The audience is excited by the soccer game.
観客はサッカーに興奮させられる。
His neighbors often invite Joe for dinner.
Joe is often invited to dinner by his neighbors.
ジョーはよく隣人からディナーに招待される。
2. 現在進行形の受動態(Passive Present Continuous):
~is/are being + 過去分詞~
He is washing the car in the backyard.
The car is being washed (by him) in the backyard.
車は裏庭で(彼によって)今洗われているところです。
She is cooking dinner as we speak.
The dinner is being cooked (by her) as we speak.
ディナーはまさに我々が話をしている(彼女によって)今準備されているところです。
The secretary is preparing the report for tomorrow’s meeting.
The report is being prepared (by the secretary) for tomorrow’s meeting.
レポートは明日の会議に向け(秘書によって)今準備されているところです。
The doctor is operating on her in order to remove a cancerous tumor.
She is being operated on (by a doctor) in order to remove a cancerous tumor.
彼女は癌腫瘍を摘出するための手術を(医者から)今受けています。
She is opening the window to let the fresh air into the living room.
The window is being opened (by Yoshiko) to let the fresh air into the living room.
居間に新鮮な空気を入れる為、窓が(良子さんによって)今開けられています。
He is giving a lecture on global warming in front of a large audience.
A lecture on global warming is being given (by him) in front of a large audience.
地球温暖化ついての講演が多くの聴衆の前で(彼によって)今行われています。
3. 過去形の受動態(Passive Past):
~was/were + 過去分詞~
He bought the huge house as an investment.
The huge house was bought (by him) as an investment.
その大きな家は投資の為(彼によって)買われた。
Last year, she published a book on Okinawan dishes.
A book on Okinawan dishes was published (by her) last year.
沖縄の料理の本が去年(彼女によって)出版された。
Thomas Edison demonstrated the first electric light bulb in 1879.
The first electric light bulb was demonstrated in 1879 (by Edison).
最初の電球は1979年に(エジソンによって)論証された。
The construction crew built the house in two months.
The house was built in two months (by the construction crew).
この家は(建設作業員によって)2カ月で建てられた。
City officials told the residents to evacuate immediately.
The residents were told to evacuate immediately (by city officials).
住民たちは直ちに避難するようにと(市の職員から)告げられた。
The typhoon completely destroyed the sugarcane crop about to be harvested.
The sugarcane crop about to be harvested was completely destroyed (by the typhoon).
収穫まじかのサトウキビ作物は(台風で)完全にダメ(絶滅)になった。
4. 過去進行形の受動態(Passive Past Continuous):
~was being + 過去分詞~
He was opening the window when I saw him.
The window was being opened (by him) when I saw him.
私が彼を見た時そのドアは開けられている(彼によって)最中だった。
My neighbor was mowing the lawn when I came home.
The lawn was being mowed (by my neighbor) when I came home.
私が家に来た時芝生は刈られているところでした。
A team of experts were investigating the scene of the crime under the court order.
The scene of the crime was being investigated (by a team of experts) under the court order.
事件現場は裁判所命令の下で(専門家チームにより)調査されていた。
Mother was preparing dinner for the evening guests she had invited.
Dinner was being prepared (by mother) for the evening guests she had invited
その夜母が招待したゲストの為ディナーは(母によって)準備されていた。
The police were chasing the speeding car on the north side of the neighborhood.
The speeding car was being chased (by the police) on the north side of the neighborhood.
高速で走る車は近所の北側で(警察に)追跡されていた。
An angry throng of people were burning the national flag to demand that the president step down.
The national flag was being burnt (by an angry throng of people) to demand that the president step down.
大統領退陣要求で国旗が(怒る人々によって)燃やされていた。
5. 未来形の受動態(Passive Future):
~will be + 過去分詞~
He will lock the store when he leaves.
The store will be locked (by him) when he leaves.
店は彼が店を出る時(彼によって)ロックされます。
My neighbor will remodel the house next week.
The house will be remodeled (by my neighbor) next week.
家は(隣人によって)来週改造されます。
We will invite the neighbors to our party.
The neighbors will be invited (by us) to our party.
近所のみなさんも私たちのパーティに(私たちが)招待します。
They will open the gate at 8 in the morning to let people into the stadium.
The gate will be opened (by them) at 8 in the morning to let people into the stadium.
ゲートはスタジアムに人を入れる為朝8時に(彼らによって)開けられます。
A team of experts will investigate the accident as requested by the court.
The accident will be investigated (by a team of experts) as requested by the court.
事故は裁判所の要求どうり(専門家によって)調査されます。
No matter what happens, we will finish the job before the end of the month.
No matter what happens, the job will be finished (by us) before the end of the month.
何が起きようが来月までにはその仕事は(我々によって)終了します。
6. 未来進行形の受動態(Passive Future Continuous):
~will be being + 過去分詞~
未来進行形を受動態で言うと不自然に聞こえる場合が多く、あまり使われない文型です。しかし文法上間違っているわけではありません。
His boss will be offering him the new job around 10 in the morning tomorrow.
He will be being offered the new job(by his boss)around 10 in the morning tomorrow.
彼は明日の朝10時ごろには新しい仕事の内定が決まった事を(上司から)告げられている途中(だはず)です。
The president will be addressing the nation at 8 o’clock tonight.
The nation will be being addressed (by the President) at 8 o’clock tonight.
今夜8時には(大統領による)国民向け演説が行われている途中(だはず)です。
The two teams will be playing the final game at Koshien this Saturday.
The final name will be being played (by the two teams) at Koshien this Saturday.
決勝戦は今週土曜日に(その2チームにより)甲子園で行われている途中(だはず)です。
At this time tomorrow, he will be repairing the car in the backyard.
At this time tomorrow, the car will be being repaired (by him) in the backyard.
明日の今頃車は(彼によって)裏庭で修理されている途中(だはず)です。
A powerful typhoon will be devastating the island tomorrow afternoon.
The island will be being devastated (by the powerful typhoon) tomorrow afternoon.
その島は明日の午後には(強烈な台風によって)荒廃状態にされている途中(だはず)です。
Many people will be returning the merchandize for refund tomorrow afternoon.
The merchandize will be being returned (by many people) for refund tomorrow afternoon.
その商品は明日の午後には(多くの人によって)返品されている途中(だはず)です。